Political Rhetoric

Persuasion Analysis

Political persuasion is harder to analyze because it is so often fragmented. We usually see bits and pieces (sound bites, picket signs) on the news -- incomplete, not sequential -- usually edited by others.

Furthermore, as receivers, we also are biased: everyone comes with their own set of attitudes and ideas, emotions and opinions, often a very random inheritance from their early environment. In addition, the content of political persuasion is intrinsically more complex, and emotionally more charged, than the commercial persuasion of advertising. Although analyzing political rhetoric is more difficult than analyzing ads, it's also more important.


As ordinary citizens, you and I will never have access to insider information, nor have the time or ability to deal with all of the complexities of a political campaign. So, analysis of these basic patterns of persuasion has limited value: it doesn't tell us which side is "right," what charges are "true," what supporting evidence is reliable, or what to do.

But, such basic pattern analysis does help us to do some basic sorting out -- in a detached and systematic way -- of some very complex emotional arguments: to identify the examples, to recognize past history, and to define the key issues.

Suggestions: How to Analyze Political Rhetoric | | | | | Qualifications, Cautions, Caveats
Election Rhetoric
Related 1 pg printouts:
Images & Issues: One Sentence Says It All !
Checklist: Images & Issues

200 Questions you can ask about Political Language
Why analyze political language?

What's Wrong with Political Language? Common Complaints

The Presidency as a "Bully Pulpit"


The Pep Talk
"Cause Group" Rhetoric

Cause Groups are those which seek committed collective action. Persuasion of any cause group can be analyzed with this predictable four-part pattern of the "Pep Talk," a useful structural framework to identify and to sort out parts of complex, emotional controversies. If you know this pattern, then it helps you to see, or to infer, the rest of the overall picture whenever you encounter bits and fragments of this kind of emotional appeal

1. Threat ----- 2. Bonding ----- 3. Cause ----- 4. Response

Summary (1 pg PDF)


Not-So-Great Expectations
(Introductory essay: Predictable Patterns)


Overview: Patterns of Content to Expect (1pg graph)
Discussion Prompters: Context of Political Language (2 pg)

Some Current Examples of Political Language:


War Words 2003-2006:
Politics & War
"War" on Terrorism?
Terrorism & Violence
The Seven Deadly Spins
Bush Bashing?
Plausible Deniability
Presidential Campaign Stories
God-on-Our-Side
Moral Superiority, Self-Righteousness. "Righteous Anger," "Values"
Euphemisms: Civilian Contractors
Atrocity Pictures: Abu Ghraib. Iraq Prison, 2004 + (nonverbals, images)
Definitions
Generalizations
Revisionists, Relativism, Ranke, and Rank
George Lakoff's "Moral Politics"
Lakoff's Model Citizens & Demons
Rank's 1 pg Adaptation of Lakoff's Family Models

War Propaganda


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